Netherlands
People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy
Conservative liberalism
The Dutch liberal party, which led every government from 2010 to 2024 under Mark Rutte. Combines market economics and socially liberal positions with progressively tighter migration policy.
- Founded
- 1948
- Positions as of
- 2023 general election programme
- Last verified
What does it believe?
Wealth and inequality
Campaigns on lower business taxation, balanced budgets and reduced regulation.
Tradition and change
Supports existing Dutch law on euthanasia, abortion and same-sex marriage while tightening migration and integration requirements.
Where it sits on each dimension
Wealth and inequality
Evidence: Well documented
The state in the economy
Evidence: Well documented
Personal liberty
Evidence: Documented
Tradition and change
Evidence: Documented
Nation and the world
Evidence: Well documented
Religion and the state
Evidence: Well documented
Power and its limits
Evidence: Documented
Environment and growth
Evidence: Documented
Crime and punishment
Evidence: Documented
Sources
Sources are prioritised in this order: official manifestos, official party documents, parliamentary records, academic research, then high-quality reporting.
- Verkiezingsprogramma · VVD · 2023
- Liberaal Manifest · VVD
Logo: VVD logo (2020–present).svg · Public domain · via Wikimedia Commons. Registered trademark of its owner.